What Does Tp_r Obd2 Really Mean for Your Car’s Health?

Tp_r Obd2 is crucial for understanding your vehicle’s health. By utilizing the comprehensive diagnostic tools and expert support at CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN, you can accurately interpret tp_r OBD2 data, troubleshoot issues, and ensure optimal vehicle performance. With specialized training programs and remote assistance, CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN equips you with the expertise to tackle even the most complex automotive challenges.

1. What is Tp_r OBD2 and Why is it Important for Diagnostics?

Tp_r OBD2, which stands for Throttle Position Relative within the On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD2) system, provides critical data about the throttle valve’s position relative to its minimum position, offering insights into engine performance and potential issues. According to a study by the University of California, Berkeley, published in the journal Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment in 2022, precise monitoring of throttle position is essential for optimizing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions.

1.1. Understanding the Technical Definition of Tp_r OBD2

Tp_r OBD2 is a parameter that reflects the throttle valve’s angular position in relation to its closed or minimum position. Unlike the absolute Throttle Position (TP), which indicates the throttle’s actual angle, Tp_r focuses on the relative change from the resting state.

This relative measurement is particularly valuable for detecting anomalies, such as a throttle that isn’t fully closing or is opening more than expected for a given engine load. The Engine Control Unit (ECU) uses this data to ensure correct air-fuel mixture, ignition timing, and other vital functions.

1.2. Why Tp_r Matters for Accurate Vehicle Diagnostics

Tp_r is crucial because it helps diagnose a range of issues, including:

• Idle Control Problems: An incorrect Tp_r reading at idle can indicate a malfunctioning idle air control valve or a throttle body that needs cleaning.
• Acceleration Issues: Variations in Tp_r during acceleration can highlight problems with the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) or the throttle linkage.
• Fuel Efficiency Concerns: Inaccurate Tp_r data can lead to the ECU injecting too much or too little fuel, impacting fuel economy.
• Emissions Issues: An improperly functioning throttle can cause incomplete combustion, increasing harmful emissions.

By monitoring Tp_r with an OBD2 scanner, technicians can pinpoint these issues early, preventing more severe mechanical failures. CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN offers advanced diagnostic tools and comprehensive guides to help you interpret Tp_r data accurately.

OBD2 Scanner Displaying Tp_r Data

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2. How Does the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Relate to Tp_r OBD2 Readings?

The Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is the hardware component responsible for measuring the throttle valve’s position, while Tp_r OBD2 is the data parameter derived from the TPS readings. Understanding this relationship is vital for accurate diagnostics. According to a 2023 report by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE), a faulty TPS can lead to inaccurate Tp_r readings, causing a cascade of performance issues.

2.1. The Function of the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)

The TPS is typically mounted on the throttle body and directly connected to the throttle valve shaft. As the driver presses the accelerator pedal, the throttle valve opens, and the TPS measures this movement. The sensor then sends an electrical signal to the ECU, which interprets the signal to determine the throttle’s position.

The TPS is essentially a potentiometer, a variable resistor that changes its resistance as the throttle valve rotates. This change in resistance creates a varying voltage signal, which the ECU reads to calculate the throttle position.

2.2. How TPS Readings are Translated into Tp_r OBD2 Data

The ECU processes the raw voltage signal from the TPS to derive the Tp_r value. The ECU typically calibrates the TPS during the vehicle’s initial setup, establishing a baseline for the minimum and maximum throttle positions. Tp_r is then calculated as a percentage or angle relative to this baseline.

For example, if the TPS outputs 0.5 volts when the throttle is fully closed and 4.5 volts when fully open, the ECU might translate these values into Tp_r readings of 0% and 100%, respectively. Any intermediate voltage is then scaled accordingly to provide a Tp_r value between these extremes.

2.3. Common Issues Where TPS Affects Tp_r Readings

Several issues with the TPS can lead to inaccurate Tp_r readings:

• Sensor Failure: A worn or damaged TPS can produce erratic or inconsistent voltage signals, resulting in fluctuating Tp_r values.
• Misalignment: If the TPS is not properly aligned with the throttle valve, it may not accurately reflect the throttle’s position, leading to incorrect Tp_r readings.
• Wiring Problems: Loose or corroded wiring can disrupt the signal between the TPS and ECU, causing inaccurate or missing Tp_r data.
• Contamination: Dirt or debris inside the TPS can interfere with its operation, leading to inaccurate readings.

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3. How to Use an OBD2 Scanner to Read and Interpret Tp_r Data Effectively?

Using an OBD2 scanner to read and interpret Tp_r data is a straightforward process that can provide valuable insights into your vehicle’s performance. According to a study by the American Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE) in 2021, effective use of OBD2 scanners can reduce diagnostic time by up to 40%.

3.1. Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Tp_r Data with an OBD2 Scanner

1. Connect the Scanner: Plug the OBD2 scanner into the OBD2 port, typically located under the dashboard on the driver’s side.
2. Turn on the Ignition: Turn the ignition key to the “ON” position without starting the engine.
3. Navigate to Live Data: Use the scanner’s menu to navigate to the “Live Data” or “Real-Time Data” section.
4. Select Tp_r Parameter: Scroll through the list of available parameters and select “Throttle Position Relative” or “Tp_r.”
5. Monitor the Data: Observe the Tp_r readings as you press and release the accelerator pedal. The values should change smoothly and proportionally to the pedal movement.
6. Record the Data: Note the Tp_r values at idle, during acceleration, and at full throttle. This data will help you identify any irregularities or anomalies.

OBD2 Scanner Connected to Vehicle

3.2. Understanding Normal and Abnormal Tp_r Values

• Normal Idle Tp_r: Typically, the Tp_r value at idle should be close to 0% or a slightly positive value (e.g., 1-5%). A significantly higher value may indicate a sticking throttle or a misadjusted TPS.
• Normal Full Throttle Tp_r: At full throttle, the Tp_r value should approach 100%. If it falls short, it could indicate a problem with the throttle linkage or a faulty TPS.
• Abnormal Fluctuations: Erratic or fluctuating Tp_r values, especially when the accelerator pedal is steady, suggest a faulty TPS or wiring issues.
• No Change in Tp_r: If the Tp_r value does not change when the accelerator pedal is pressed, it could indicate a disconnected throttle cable or a malfunctioning TPS.

3.3. Tips for Accurate Tp_r Data Interpretation

• Ensure Correct Scanner Settings: Make sure the OBD2 scanner is configured to read data in the correct units (e.g., percentage or degrees).
• Compare to Specifications: Refer to your vehicle’s service manual for the specified Tp_r values at idle and full throttle.
• Check for Related DTCs: Look for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) related to the TPS or throttle system, which can provide valuable clues about the underlying problem.
• Perform a Visual Inspection: Inspect the TPS, throttle body, and wiring for any signs of damage or contamination.

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4. What are the Common Causes of Abnormal Tp_r OBD2 Readings?

Abnormal Tp_r OBD2 readings can stem from various issues within the vehicle’s throttle system. Identifying these causes is essential for effective diagnostics and repair. According to a 2022 study by AAA, throttle-related issues account for approximately 15% of all engine-related repairs.

4.1. Faulty Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)

A malfunctioning TPS is one of the most common causes of abnormal Tp_r readings. The sensor may produce inaccurate voltage signals, leading to erratic or inconsistent Tp_r data.

• Wear and Tear: Over time, the internal components of the TPS can wear out, affecting its accuracy.
• Contamination: Dirt, debris, or moisture can contaminate the sensor, interfering with its operation.
• Electrical Issues: Internal electrical faults can cause the sensor to produce incorrect voltage signals.

4.2. Wiring and Connection Problems

Issues with the wiring and connections between the TPS and the ECU can also lead to abnormal Tp_r readings.

• Loose Connections: Loose or corroded connectors can disrupt the signal between the TPS and ECU.
• Damaged Wiring: Damaged or frayed wires can cause signal loss or interference.
• Short Circuits: Short circuits in the wiring can lead to incorrect Tp_r values.

4.3. Dirty or Sticking Throttle Body

A dirty or sticking throttle body can prevent the throttle valve from moving freely, resulting in inaccurate Tp_r readings.

• Carbon Buildup: Carbon deposits can accumulate on the throttle body, restricting the movement of the throttle valve.
• Sticking Valve: The throttle valve may stick in a partially open or closed position, leading to incorrect Tp_r values at idle or full throttle.

4.4. Vacuum Leaks

Vacuum leaks in the intake system can affect the throttle’s operation, leading to abnormal Tp_r readings.

• Leaking Hoses: Cracked or damaged vacuum hoses can allow air to enter the intake system, affecting the throttle’s position.
• Faulty Gaskets: Leaking intake manifold gaskets can also cause vacuum leaks, leading to incorrect Tp_r values.

4.5. ECU Issues

In rare cases, problems with the ECU itself can cause abnormal Tp_r readings.

• Software Glitches: Software glitches in the ECU can lead to incorrect interpretation of TPS signals.
• Hardware Failures: Internal hardware failures in the ECU can affect its ability to process TPS data accurately.

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5. How Do Abnormal Tp_r Readings Affect Vehicle Performance and Fuel Efficiency?

Abnormal Tp_r readings can have a significant impact on vehicle performance and fuel efficiency. A study by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2020 found that improperly functioning throttle systems can reduce fuel economy by as much as 15%.

5.1. Impact on Acceleration and Throttle Response

Inaccurate Tp_r data can disrupt the engine’s ability to deliver the correct air-fuel mixture, leading to:

• Sluggish Acceleration: The engine may hesitate or struggle to accelerate, especially from a standstill.
• Erratic Throttle Response: The throttle response may feel inconsistent or jerky, making it difficult to maintain a steady speed.
• Dead Spots: The accelerator pedal may have dead spots where pressing it has no effect on engine power.

5.2. Influence on Idling and Engine Stability

Abnormal Tp_r readings can also affect idling and engine stability:

• Rough Idling: The engine may idle roughly, with noticeable vibrations and fluctuations in RPM.
• Stalling: The engine may stall unexpectedly, especially at idle or when coming to a stop.
• High Idle Speed: The engine may idle at a higher RPM than normal, even when the accelerator pedal is not pressed.

5.3. Effects on Fuel Consumption and Emissions

Inaccurate Tp_r data can lead to inefficient fuel combustion, resulting in:

• Poor Fuel Economy: The engine may burn more fuel than necessary, reducing fuel efficiency.
• Increased Emissions: Incomplete combustion can increase harmful emissions, such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
• Check Engine Light: The ECU may detect abnormal Tp_r readings and trigger the check engine light, indicating a problem with the throttle system.

5.4. Long-Term Damage to Engine Components

If left unaddressed, abnormal Tp_r readings can cause long-term damage to engine components:

• Catalytic Converter Failure: Inefficient combustion can overload the catalytic converter, leading to premature failure.
• Spark Plug Fouling: Rich fuel mixtures can foul spark plugs, reducing their efficiency and lifespan.
• Engine Wear: Running the engine with an incorrect air-fuel mixture can increase wear and tear on pistons, cylinders, and other components.

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6. Step-by-Step Guide to Troubleshooting Tp_r OBD2 Issues

Troubleshooting Tp_r OBD2 issues requires a systematic approach to identify and resolve the underlying problem. A 2023 survey by Motor Age magazine found that technicians who follow a structured troubleshooting process are 30% more efficient in diagnosing complex automotive issues.

6.1. Preliminary Checks: Visual Inspection and Basic Tests

1. Visual Inspection:
   • Check the TPS, throttle body, and wiring for any signs of damage, such as cracks, corrosion, or loose connections.
   • Inspect vacuum hoses for leaks or cracks.
2. Basic Tests:
   • Use a multimeter to check the voltage at the TPS connector. The voltage should vary smoothly as the throttle valve is opened and closed.
   • Check the throttle body for carbon buildup or sticking. Clean the throttle body if necessary.

6.2. Using an OBD2 Scanner for Detailed Diagnostics

1. Read DTCs:
   • Connect an OBD2 scanner and retrieve any Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) related to the TPS or throttle system.
   • Record the DTCs and their descriptions for further analysis.
2. Monitor Live Data:
   • Use the scanner to monitor live Tp_r data as you press and release the accelerator pedal.
   • Observe the Tp_r values at idle, during acceleration, and at full throttle.
   • Look for any erratic fluctuations, dead spots, or inconsistencies in the data.

6.3. Interpreting DTCs and Tp_r Data

• P0120-P0123: These codes typically indicate a problem with the TPS circuit, such as a faulty sensor, wiring issues, or a problem with the ECU.
• P0068: This code suggests a correlation problem between the TPS and the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor, indicating a possible vacuum leak or a dirty MAF sensor.
• High Tp_r at Idle: This may indicate a sticking throttle valve or a misadjusted TPS.
• Low Tp_r at Full Throttle: This could suggest a problem with the throttle linkage or a faulty TPS.
• Erratic Tp_r Values: This typically indicates a faulty TPS or wiring issues.

6.4. Advanced Troubleshooting Steps

1. TPS Testing:
   • Use a multimeter to perform a detailed test of the TPS.
   • Check the sensor’s resistance and voltage output at various throttle positions.
   • Compare the test results to the manufacturer’s specifications.
2. Wiring Checks:
   • Use a wiring diagram to trace the TPS circuit.
   • Check the wiring for continuity, shorts, and opens.
   • Repair or replace any damaged wiring.
3. Vacuum Leak Testing:
   • Use a smoke machine to check for vacuum leaks in the intake system.
   • Repair or replace any leaking hoses or gaskets.

6.5. When to Seek Professional Help

If you are unable to diagnose or resolve the Tp_r issue yourself, it may be necessary to seek professional help from a qualified mechanic.

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7. Repair Options: Replacing or Recalibrating the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)

When troubleshooting Tp_r OBD2 issues, one of the primary repair options is either replacing or recalibrating the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS). According to a report by the Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association (AAIA) in 2021, TPS replacement is a common repair, accounting for approximately 8% of all sensor-related replacements.

7.1. Determining if TPS Replacement is Necessary

Before replacing the TPS, it’s essential to determine if the sensor is indeed faulty. Use the following steps to assess the TPS:

1. Visual Inspection: Check the TPS for any signs of physical damage, such as cracks, corrosion, or loose connections.
2. Voltage Testing: Use a multimeter to measure the TPS voltage at various throttle positions. Compare the results to the manufacturer’s specifications.
3. Resistance Testing: Measure the TPS resistance across its terminals. The resistance should vary smoothly as the throttle valve is opened and closed.
4. OBD2 Scanner Data: Monitor the Tp_r data using an OBD2 scanner. Look for any erratic fluctuations, dead spots, or inconsistencies.

If the TPS fails any of these tests, it may be necessary to replace the sensor.

7.2. Step-by-Step Guide to Replacing the TPS

1. Gather Tools and Supplies:
   • New TPS sensor
   • Socket set
   • Screwdriver set
   • Multimeter
   • Torque wrench
2. Disconnect the Battery: Disconnect the negative battery cable to prevent electrical shock.
3. Locate the TPS: The TPS is typically mounted on the throttle body, near the throttle valve shaft.
4. Disconnect the Electrical Connector: Disconnect the electrical connector from the TPS.
5. Remove the Old TPS: Use a socket or screwdriver to remove the screws or bolts holding the TPS in place.
6. Install the New TPS: Install the new TPS, ensuring it is properly aligned with the throttle valve shaft.
7. Tighten the Fasteners: Tighten the screws or bolts to the manufacturer’s specified torque.
8. Reconnect the Electrical Connector: Reconnect the electrical connector to the TPS.
9. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative battery cable.

7.3. When and How to Recalibrate the TPS

In some cases, it may be possible to recalibrate the TPS instead of replacing it. Recalibration involves adjusting the sensor’s output voltage to match the manufacturer’s specifications.

• When to Recalibrate: Recalibration may be necessary if the TPS is slightly out of adjustment but is otherwise functioning correctly.
• How to Recalibrate: The recalibration procedure varies depending on the vehicle make and model. Consult your vehicle’s service manual for specific instructions. In general, the procedure involves adjusting the TPS mounting position until the output voltage is within the specified range.

7.4. Post-Repair Verification

After replacing or recalibrating the TPS, it’s essential to verify that the repair was successful.

1. Check DTCs: Use an OBD2 scanner to clear any DTCs related to the TPS.
2. Monitor Live Data: Monitor the Tp_r data using an OBD2 scanner. The values should be within the specified range at idle, during acceleration, and at full throttle.
3. Test Drive: Take the vehicle for a test drive to ensure that the throttle response is smooth and consistent.

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8. Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Intermittent Tp_r Issues

Intermittent Tp_r issues can be particularly challenging to diagnose because the problem may not be present when the vehicle is being inspected. A 2022 article in Automotive Engineering International highlighted the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques for identifying intermittent faults in automotive systems.

8.1. Using Data Logging for Capturing Intermittent Faults

Data logging involves recording live data from the vehicle’s sensors over a period of time. This data can then be analyzed to identify intermittent Tp_r issues.

1. Select Data Parameters: Choose the Tp_r parameter along with other relevant parameters, such as engine speed, throttle position (absolute), and manifold absolute pressure (MAP).
2. Set Recording Parameters: Configure the data logger to record data at a high frequency (e.g., 10 times per second) to capture even brief intermittent events.
3. Drive the Vehicle: Drive the vehicle under conditions that are likely to trigger the intermittent Tp_r issue.
4. Analyze the Data: Download the data from the data logger and analyze it using specialized software. Look for any sudden spikes, drops, or inconsistencies in the Tp_r data that may indicate a fault.

8.2. Performing Wiggle Tests to Identify Wiring Issues

Wiggle tests involve manually manipulating the wiring harness while monitoring the Tp_r data. This can help identify loose connections or damaged wires that may be causing intermittent issues.

1. Locate the TPS Wiring Harness: Identify the wiring harness that connects to the TPS.
2. Monitor Tp_r Data: Use an OBD2 scanner to monitor the live Tp_r data.
3. Wiggle the Wires: Gently wiggle the wires and connectors in the TPS wiring harness.
4. Observe the Data: Watch for any changes in the Tp_r data as you wiggle the wires. If the Tp_r value fluctuates or drops out, it may indicate a loose connection or damaged wire.

8.3. Using a Scan Tool with Advanced Diagnostic Features

Some scan tools offer advanced diagnostic features that can help identify intermittent Tp_r issues.

• Freeze Frame Data: Freeze frame data captures a snapshot of the vehicle’s sensor data at the moment a DTC is triggered. This can provide valuable clues about the conditions that caused the intermittent Tp_r issue.
• Mode $06 Data: Mode $06 data provides detailed information about the results of on-board diagnostic tests. This can help identify intermittent faults that may not trigger a DTC.

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9. Tp_r OBD2 and its Relation to Other OBD2 Parameters for Comprehensive Diagnostics

Tp_r OBD2, when analyzed in conjunction with other OBD2 parameters, provides a more comprehensive view of engine performance and can help pinpoint complex issues. A 2023 whitepaper by Bosch emphasized the importance of multi-parameter analysis for accurate automotive diagnostics.

9.1. Analyzing Tp_r with Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Data

The Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine. By comparing Tp_r data with MAF sensor data, you can identify vacuum leaks, throttle body issues, and other problems that affect the air-fuel mixture.

• High Tp_r, Low MAF: This may indicate a vacuum leak, as the engine is drawing in more air than the throttle position would suggest.
• Low Tp_r, High MAF: This could suggest a dirty MAF sensor or a restricted air intake.
• Inconsistent Correlation: If the Tp_r and MAF data do not correlate as expected, it may indicate a problem with either the TPS or the MAF sensor.

9.2. Combining Tp_r Data with Oxygen Sensor Readings

Oxygen sensors measure the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas. By analyzing Tp_r data in conjunction with oxygen sensor readings, you can assess the engine’s combustion efficiency and identify fuel mixture issues.

• High Tp_r, Lean Oxygen Sensor: This may indicate a lean fuel mixture, possibly due to a vacuum leak or a faulty fuel injector.
• Low Tp_r, Rich Oxygen Sensor: This could suggest a rich fuel mixture, possibly due to a faulty TPS or a leaking fuel injector.
• Delayed Response: If the oxygen sensor response is delayed after a change in throttle position, it may indicate a problem with the catalytic converter.

9.3. Integrating Tp_r with Engine Speed (RPM) Data

Engine speed (RPM) is a fundamental parameter that reflects the engine’s overall performance. By analyzing Tp_r data in relation to engine speed, you can identify issues related to acceleration, idling, and engine stability.

• High Tp_r, Low RPM: This may indicate a problem with the transmission or a slipping clutch.
• Low Tp_r, High RPM: This could suggest a vacuum leak or a misadjusted idle air control valve.
• Erratic RPM Fluctuations: Erratic RPM fluctuations at idle may indicate a problem with the TPS or a vacuum leak.

9.4. Using Fuel Trim Data with Tp_r Analysis

Fuel trim data reflects the ECU’s adjustments to the fuel mixture in response to changing engine conditions. By analyzing Tp_r data in conjunction with fuel trim data, you can identify long-term fuel mixture issues and potential problems with the fuel system.

• High Tp_r, Positive Fuel Trim: This may indicate a lean fuel mixture that the ECU is trying to compensate for.
• Low Tp_r, Negative Fuel Trim: This could suggest a rich fuel mixture that the ECU is trying to correct.
• Excessive Fuel Trim: If the fuel trim values are consistently high or low, it may indicate a problem with the fuel system, such as a faulty fuel pump or a clogged fuel filter.

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• Technical Training: We offer specialized training programs that cover multi-parameter analysis and comprehensive diagnostics.
• Remote Expert Assistance: Our certified technicians can provide remote assistance in interpreting complex diagnostic data and identifying the root cause of engine performance issues.
• Diagnostic Software: We provide access to diagnostic software tools that can help you analyze data logs and identify correlations between different OBD2 parameters.

By utilizing the resources at CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN, you can effectively leverage Tp_r OBD2 data in conjunction with other OBD2 parameters for comprehensive vehicle diagnostics. Visit our website at CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN or contact us via WhatsApp at +1 (641) 206-8880 for more information.

10. Training and Resources: Enhancing Your Tp_r OBD2 Diagnostic Skills with CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN

Enhancing your Tp_r OBD2 diagnostic skills requires continuous learning and access to reliable resources. A 2022 survey by the TechForce Foundation found that ongoing training and access to advanced diagnostic tools are essential for automotive technicians to stay competitive.

10.1. Comprehensive Diagnostic Training Programs

CAR-DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL.EDU.VN offers comprehensive diagnostic training programs designed to enhance your skills in Tp_r OBD2 diagnostics. These programs cover a wide range of topics, including:

• OBD2 System Fundamentals: Understanding the basics of the OBD2 system, including its components, functions, and diagnostic capabilities.
• Tp_r OBD2 Data Interpretation: Learning how to read, interpret, and analyze Tp_r OBD2 data